What is kidney?
Just as the liver, brain, and heart are our main organs, the kidneys are also a main organ of our body. Every person has two kidneys. The kidneys are located just below our liver and lungs, on either side of the spine. Two dark reddish-brown bean-shaped. There are two glands on top of the kidneys called the adrenal glands. Its main function is to filter waste material that comes out of the body. The right kidney lies a little lower than the left, to make room for the liver on the right side. It helps in the production of urine in the kidneys.
Weight and size of kidney
Generally, the weight and size vary slightly depending on the age. In an adult each kidney measures about 10-13 cm in length, and weighs 130-170gm.
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Internal structure of kidney
1. Capsule
This is the first layer of the kidney, which is very thin. It protects against many infections and acts like a security barrier.
2. Medulla
This is the inner region, striated and darker in color.
3. Renal papilla
It is the middle part of medulla which prominently projects towards the hilum in conical shape as its apex.
5. Pelvis
This is a large funnel shaped space towards the concavity or hilum of the kidney having projections called calyces. It collects urine which is drained of by the ureter.
6. Pyramid
In the kidney of rabbit the medulla is lobulated forming six pyramids projecting towards pelvis.
7. Renal columns of Bertini
The cortex is continued inside medulla between pyramids forming renal columns of Bertini.
Functions of kidney
- Blood purification. (It constantly filters the blood.)
- Remove urea. (It works by removing urea from the blood.)
- It produces urine. (The main function is to produce urine.)
- It helps maintain a balanced pH level in the blood.
- It helps control blood pressure.
- It keeps vitamin D active.
- It helps in strengthening the bones of the body.
- It helps in the production of red blood cells.
- Homeostasis (it work as a homeostatic organ by regulating body fluids, such as blood and water.)
- Regulation of blood.
- Regulation of acid-base balance.
- Regulation of electrolytes.
- Release of renin.
- Release of aldosterone.
- Formation of angiotensin.
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Urine output
If there is any change in your urine, such as urinating more or less frequently than usual.
Urine color change
If your urine color starts to change, ( Reddish, Yellowish,) understand that it's showing symptoms of kidney disease.
Smell Urine
If your urine smells foul when you urinate, understand that this is a symptom of kidney disease.
Frequent urination
If you urinate more often than normal, this could be a symptom of kidney disease.
Excessive weight gain
If you suddenly gain weight, something is wrong.
Pain in the kidney area
If you experience pain or heaviness in the kidney area, it could be a symptom of kidney disease.
Swelling above eyes and legs
If you experience swelling in your eyes and feet, understand that these are symptoms of kidney disease.
Where and how does kidney pain occur?
Kidney pain is felt on both sides of the lower back, in the area we call the flanks, on both the right and left sides. This pain is not constant; it comes on suddenly and can disappear just as suddenly. Sometimes it can be very intense, so much so that it can even make you feel nauseous or like you want to vomit. The pain feels like there's a stone lodged in the kidney. And it doesn't stay in one place; it can radiate from the lower back all the way down to the urethra.
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How to maintain kidney health
You will have to drink a lot of water
Try to drink 4-5 liters of water every day. This will help your kidneys filter properly and protect you from kidney disease.
Salt intake for health kidney
It doesn't matter whether it's black salt or rock salt, but what does matter is that you shouldn't eat too much salt.
Balanced diet for kidney health
Try to eat in moderation. This doesn't mean you have to starve yourself; eat until you're about 80% full. Eat smaller portions but more frequently. Try to include natural foods in your diet.
Exercise for kidney
Try to exercise 4 days a week. We can exercise at any time, day or night.
Avoid alcohol and smoking
You should stop drinking alcohol and smoking as much as possible.
Treatment of kidney
If you are experiencing any symptoms of kidney disease, please consult your doctor.
Some blood tests are used to diagnose kidney disease :
- CBC(Complete blood cell count)
- Blood urea and serum creatinine.
- Serum electrolytes.
- Serum calcium
- Serum uric acid
- Serum protein and albumin
- Hemoglobin
- PCV (Packed cell volume)
- Urine routine and microscopically test.
- LFT(liver function test)
- Cranberry
- Red bell pepper
- Cabbage
- Blueberry
- Fish
- Garlic and onions
- Apple
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